RateCtrl.cpp

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/** \file     RateCtrl.cpp
    \brief    Rate control manager class
*/
#include "RateCtrl.h"
#include "../CommonLib/ChromaFormat.h"

#include <cmath>

#define LAMBDA_PREC                                           1000000

using namespace std;

//sequence level
EncRCSeq::EncRCSeq()
{
  m_totalFrames         = 0;
  m_targetRate          = 0;
  m_frameRate           = 0;
  m_targetBits          = 0;
  m_GOPSize             = 0;
  m_picWidth            = 0;
  m_picHeight           = 0;
  m_LCUWidth            = 0;
  m_LCUHeight           = 0;
  m_numberOfLevel       = 0;
  m_numberOfLCU         = 0;
  m_averageBits         = 0;
  m_bitsRatio           = NULL;
  m_GOPID2Level         = NULL;
  m_picPara             = NULL;
  m_LCUPara             = NULL;
  m_numberOfPixel       = 0;
  m_framesLeft          = 0;
  m_bitsLeft            = 0;
  m_useLCUSeparateModel = false;
  m_adaptiveBit         = 0;
  m_lastLambda          = 0.0;
  m_bitDepth          = 0;
}

EncRCSeq::~EncRCSeq()
{
  destroy();
}

void EncRCSeq::create( int totalFrames, int targetBitrate, int frameRate, int GOPSize, int picWidth, int picHeight, int LCUWidth, int LCUHeight, int numberOfLevel, bool useLCUSeparateModel, int adaptiveBit )
{
  destroy();
  m_totalFrames         = totalFrames;
  m_targetRate          = targetBitrate;
  m_frameRate           = frameRate;
  m_GOPSize             = GOPSize;
  m_picWidth            = picWidth;
  m_picHeight           = picHeight;
  m_LCUWidth            = LCUWidth;
  m_LCUHeight           = LCUHeight;
  m_numberOfLevel       = numberOfLevel;
  m_useLCUSeparateModel = useLCUSeparateModel;

  m_numberOfPixel   = m_picWidth * m_picHeight;
  m_targetBits      = (int64_t)m_totalFrames * (int64_t)m_targetRate / (int64_t)m_frameRate;
  m_seqTargetBpp = (double)m_targetRate / (double)m_frameRate / (double)m_numberOfPixel;
  if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.03 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.01;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.005;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.08 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.05;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.025;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.2 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.1;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.05;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.5 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.2;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.1;
  }
  else
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.4;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.2;
  }

  m_averageBits     = (int)(m_targetBits / totalFrames);
  int picWidthInBU  = ( m_picWidth  % m_LCUWidth  ) == 0 ? m_picWidth  / m_LCUWidth  : m_picWidth  / m_LCUWidth  + 1;
  int picHeightInBU = ( m_picHeight % m_LCUHeight ) == 0 ? m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight : m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight + 1;
  m_numberOfLCU     = picWidthInBU * picHeightInBU;

  m_bitsRatio   = new int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_bitsRatio[i] = 1;
  }

  m_GOPID2Level = new int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_GOPID2Level[i] = 1;
  }

  m_picPara = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLevel];
  for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
  {
    m_picPara[i].m_alpha = 0.0;
    m_picPara[i].m_beta  = 0.0;
    m_picPara[i].m_validPix = -1;
    m_picPara[i].m_skipRatio = 0.0;
  }

  if ( m_useLCUSeparateModel )
  {
    m_LCUPara = new TRCParameter*[m_numberOfLevel];
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      m_LCUPara[i] = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLCU];
      for ( int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_alpha = 0.0;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_beta  = 0.0;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_validPix = -1;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_skipRatio = 0.0;
      }
    }
  }

  m_framesLeft = m_totalFrames;
  m_bitsLeft   = m_targetBits;
  m_adaptiveBit = adaptiveBit;
  m_lastLambda = 0.0;
}

void EncRCSeq::destroy()
{
  if (m_bitsRatio != NULL)
  {
    delete[] m_bitsRatio;
    m_bitsRatio = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_GOPID2Level != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_GOPID2Level;
    m_GOPID2Level = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_picPara != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_picPara;
    m_picPara = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_LCUPara != NULL )
  {
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      delete[] m_LCUPara[i];
    }
    delete[] m_LCUPara;
    m_LCUPara = NULL;
  }
}

void EncRCSeq::initBitsRatio( int bitsRatio[])
{
  for (int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++)
  {
    m_bitsRatio[i] = bitsRatio[i];
  }
}

void EncRCSeq::initGOPID2Level( int GOPID2Level[] )
{
  for ( int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_GOPID2Level[i] = GOPID2Level[i];
  }
}

void EncRCSeq::initPicPara( TRCParameter* picPara )
{
  CHECK( m_picPara == NULL, "Object does not exist" );

  if ( picPara == NULL )
  {
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      if (i>0)
      {
        int bitdepth_luma_scale =
          2
          * (m_bitDepth - 8
            - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(m_bitDepth));
        m_picPara[i].m_alpha = 3.2003 * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);
        m_picPara[i].m_beta = -1.367;
      }
      else
      {
        int bitdepth_luma_scale =
          2
          * (m_bitDepth - 8
            - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(m_bitDepth));
        m_picPara[i].m_alpha = pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale) * ALPHA;
        m_picPara[i].m_beta = BETA2;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      m_picPara[i] = picPara[i];
    }
  }
}

void EncRCSeq::initLCUPara( TRCParameter** LCUPara )
{
  if ( m_LCUPara == NULL )
  {
    return;
  }
  if ( LCUPara == NULL )
  {
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      for ( int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_alpha = m_picPara[i].m_alpha;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_beta  = m_picPara[i].m_beta;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      for ( int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j] = LCUPara[i][j];
      }
    }
  }
}

void EncRCSeq::updateAfterPic ( int bits )
{
  m_bitsLeft -= bits;
  m_framesLeft--;
}

void EncRCSeq::setAllBitRatio( double basicLambda, double* equaCoeffA, double* equaCoeffB )
{
  int* bitsRatio = new int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    bitsRatio[i] = (int)(equaCoeffA[i] * pow(basicLambda, equaCoeffB[i]) * (double)getPicPara(getGOPID2Level(i)).m_validPix);
  }
  initBitsRatio( bitsRatio );
  delete[] bitsRatio;
}

//GOP level
EncRCGOP::EncRCGOP()
{
  m_encRCSeq  = NULL;
  m_picTargetBitInGOP = NULL;
  m_numPic     = 0;
  m_targetBits = 0;
  m_picLeft    = 0;
  m_bitsLeft   = 0;
  m_minEstLambda = 0.0;
  m_maxEstLambda = 0.0;
}

EncRCGOP::~EncRCGOP()
{
  destroy();
}

void EncRCGOP::create( EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, int numPic )
{
  destroy();
  int targetBits = xEstGOPTargetBits( encRCSeq, numPic );
  int bitdepth_luma_scale =
    2 * (encRCSeq->getbitDepth() - 8
      - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(encRCSeq->getbitDepth()));
  m_minEstLambda = 0.1;
  m_maxEstLambda = 10000.0 * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);

  if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() > 0 && encRCSeq->getLastLambda() > 0.1 )
  {
    double targetBpp = (double)targetBits / encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
    double basicLambda = 0.0;
    double* lambdaRatio = new double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
    double* equaCoeffA = new double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
    double* equaCoeffB = new double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];

    if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 1 && encRCSeq->getGOPSize() == 4)   // for GOP size =4, low delay case
    {
      if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 120.0 )
      {
        lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.5793;
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
      }
      else
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
      }
    }
    else if (encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 1 && encRCSeq->getGOPSize() == 8) // for GOP size =8, low delay case
    {
      if (encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 120.0)
      {
        lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log(encRCSeq->getLastLambda()) + 0.5793;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 0.725 * log(encRCSeq->getLastLambda()) + 0.5793;
        lambdaRatio[5] = 0.725 * log(encRCSeq->getLastLambda()) + 0.5793;
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[4] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[6] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[7] = 1.0;
      }
      else
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[4] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[5] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[6] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[7] = 1.0;
      }
    }
    else if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 2 )  // for GOP size = 8, random access case
    {
      if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 90.0 )
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.7963;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[3] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[4] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[5] = 1.3  * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[6] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[7] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
      }
      else
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[4] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[5] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[6] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[7] = 12.3;
      }
    }
    else if (encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 3)  // for GOP size = 16, random access case
    {
      {
        int bitdepth_luma_scale =
          2
          * (encRCSeq->getbitDepth() - 8
            - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(encRCSeq->getbitDepth()));

        double hierarQp = 4.2005 * log(encRCSeq->getLastLambda() / pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale)) + 13.7122;  //  the qp of POC16
        double qpLev2 = (hierarQp + 0.0) + 0.2016    * (hierarQp + 0.0) - 4.8848;
        double qpLev3 = (hierarQp + 3.0) + 0.22286 * (hierarQp + 3.0) - 5.7476;
        double qpLev4 = (hierarQp + 4.0) + 0.2333    * (hierarQp + 4.0) - 5.9;
        double qpLev5 = (hierarQp + 5.0) + 0.3            * (hierarQp + 5.0) - 7.1444;

        double lambdaLev1 = exp((hierarQp - 13.7122) / 4.2005) *pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);
        double lambdaLev2 = exp((qpLev2 - 13.7122) / 4.2005) * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);
        double lambdaLev3 = exp((qpLev3 - 13.7122) / 4.2005) * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);
        double lambdaLev4 = exp((qpLev4 - 13.7122) / 4.2005) * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);
        double lambdaLev5 = exp((qpLev5 - 13.7122) / 4.2005) * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale);

        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = lambdaLev2 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[2] = lambdaLev3 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[3] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[4] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[5] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[6] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[7] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[8] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[9] = lambdaLev3 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[10] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[11] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[12] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[13] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[14] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[15] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        const double qdfParaLev2A = 0.5847;
        const double qdfParaLev2B = -0.0782;
        const double qdfParaLev3A = 0.5468;
        const double qdfParaLev3B = -0.1364;
        const double qdfParaLev4A = 0.6539;
        const double qdfParaLev4B = -0.203;
        const double qdfParaLev5A = 0.8623;
        const double qdfParaLev5B = -0.4676;
        double qdfLev1Lev2 = Clip3(0.12, 0.9, qdfParaLev2A * encRCSeq->getPicPara(2).m_skipRatio + qdfParaLev2B);
        double qdfLev1Lev3 = Clip3(0.13, 0.9, qdfParaLev3A * encRCSeq->getPicPara(3).m_skipRatio + qdfParaLev3B);
        double qdfLev1Lev4 = Clip3(0.15, 0.9, qdfParaLev4A * encRCSeq->getPicPara(4).m_skipRatio + qdfParaLev4B);
        double qdfLev1Lev5 = Clip3(0.20, 0.9, qdfParaLev5A * encRCSeq->getPicPara(5).m_skipRatio + qdfParaLev5B);
        double qdfLev2Lev3 = Clip3(0.09, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev3 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev2));
        double qdfLev2Lev4 = Clip3(0.12, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev4 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev2));
        double qdfLev2Lev5 = Clip3(0.14, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev5 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev2));
        double qdfLev3Lev4 = Clip3(0.06, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev4 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev3));
        double qdfLev3Lev5 = Clip3(0.09, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev5 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev3));
        double qdfLev4Lev5 = Clip3(0.10, 0.9, qdfLev1Lev5 * (1 - qdfLev1Lev4));

        lambdaLev1 = 1 / (1 + 2 * (qdfLev1Lev2 + 2 * qdfLev1Lev3 + 4 * qdfLev1Lev4 + 8 * qdfLev1Lev5));
        lambdaLev2 = 1 / (1 + (3 * qdfLev2Lev3 + 5 * qdfLev2Lev4 + 8 * qdfLev2Lev5));
        lambdaLev3 = 1 / (1 + 2 * qdfLev3Lev4 + 4 * qdfLev3Lev5);
        lambdaLev4 = 1 / (1 + 2 * qdfLev4Lev5);
        lambdaLev5 = 1 / (1.0);

        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = lambdaLev2 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[2] = lambdaLev3 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[3] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[4] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[5] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[6] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[7] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[8] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[9] = lambdaLev3 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[10] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[11] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[12] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[13] = lambdaLev4 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[14] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
        lambdaRatio[15] = lambdaLev5 / lambdaLev1;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      msg( WARNING, "Warning: Current rate control does not support this coding configuration." );
    }

    xCalEquaCoeff( encRCSeq, lambdaRatio, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize() );
    basicLambda = xSolveEqua(encRCSeq, targetBpp, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize());
    encRCSeq->setAllBitRatio( basicLambda, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB );

    delete []lambdaRatio;
    delete []equaCoeffA;
    delete []equaCoeffB;
  }

  m_picTargetBitInGOP = new int[numPic];
  int i;
  int totalPicRatio = 0;
  int currPicRatio = 0;
  for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
  {
    totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
  }
  for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
  {
    currPicRatio = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
    m_picTargetBitInGOP[i] = (int)( ((double)targetBits) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );
  }

  m_encRCSeq    = encRCSeq;
  m_numPic       = numPic;
  m_targetBits   = targetBits;
  m_picLeft      = m_numPic;
  m_bitsLeft     = m_targetBits;
  
}

void EncRCGOP::xCalEquaCoeff( EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, double* lambdaRatio, double* equaCoeffA, double* equaCoeffB, int GOPSize )
{
  for ( int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    int frameLevel = encRCSeq->getGOPID2Level(i);
    double alpha   = encRCSeq->getPicPara(frameLevel).m_alpha;
    double beta    = encRCSeq->getPicPara(frameLevel).m_beta;
    equaCoeffA[i] = pow( 1.0/alpha, 1.0/beta ) * pow( lambdaRatio[i], 1.0/beta );
    equaCoeffB[i] = 1.0/beta;
  }
}

double EncRCGOP::xSolveEqua(EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, double targetBpp, double* equaCoeffA, double* equaCoeffB, int GOPSize)
{
  double solution = 100.0;
  double minNumber = m_minEstLambda;
  double maxNumber = m_maxEstLambda;
  for ( int i=0; i<g_RCIterationNum; i++ )
  {
    double fx = 0.0;
    for ( int j=0; j<GOPSize; j++ )
    {
      double tmpBpp = equaCoeffA[j] * pow(solution, equaCoeffB[j]);
      double actualBpp = tmpBpp * (double)encRCSeq->getPicPara(encRCSeq->getGOPID2Level(j)).m_validPix / (double)encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
      fx += actualBpp;
    }

    if ( fabs( fx - targetBpp ) < 0.000001 )
    {
      break;
    }

    if ( fx > targetBpp )
    {
      minNumber = solution;
      solution = ( solution + maxNumber ) / 2.0;
    }
    else
    {
      maxNumber = solution;
      solution = ( solution + minNumber ) / 2.0;
    }
  }

  solution = Clip3(m_minEstLambda, m_maxEstLambda, solution);
  return solution;
}

void EncRCGOP::destroy()
{
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  if ( m_picTargetBitInGOP != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_picTargetBitInGOP;
    m_picTargetBitInGOP = NULL;
  }
}

void EncRCGOP::updateAfterPicture( int bitsCost )
{
  m_bitsLeft -= bitsCost;
  m_picLeft--;
}

int EncRCGOP::xEstGOPTargetBits( EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, int GOPSize )
{
  int realInfluencePicture = min( g_RCSmoothWindowSize, encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() );
  int averageTargetBitsPerPic = (int)( encRCSeq->getTargetBits() / encRCSeq->getTotalFrames() );
  int currentTargetBitsPerPic = (int)( ( encRCSeq->getBitsLeft() - averageTargetBitsPerPic * (encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() - realInfluencePicture) ) / realInfluencePicture );
  int targetBits = currentTargetBitsPerPic * GOPSize;

  if ( targetBits < 200 )
  {
    targetBits = 200;   // at least allocate 200 bits for one GOP
  }

  return targetBits;
}

//picture level
EncRCPic::EncRCPic()
{
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;

  m_frameLevel    = 0;
  m_numberOfPixel = 0;
  m_numberOfLCU   = 0;
  m_targetBits    = 0;
  m_estHeaderBits = 0;
  m_estPicQP      = 0;
  m_estPicLambda  = 0.0;

  m_LCULeft       = 0;
  m_bitsLeft      = 0;
  m_pixelsLeft    = 0;

  m_LCUs         = NULL;
  m_picActualHeaderBits = 0;
  m_picActualBits       = 0;
  m_picQP               = 0;
  m_picLambda           = 0.0;
  m_picMSE              = 0.0;
  m_validPixelsInPic    = 0;
}

EncRCPic::~EncRCPic()
{
  destroy();
}

int EncRCPic::xEstPicTargetBits( EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, EncRCGOP* encRCGOP )
{
  int targetBits        = 0;
  int GOPbitsLeft       = encRCGOP->getBitsLeft();

  int i;
  int currPicPosition = encRCGOP->getNumPic()-encRCGOP->getPicLeft();
  int currPicRatio    = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( currPicPosition );
  int totalPicRatio   = 0;
  for ( i=currPicPosition; i<encRCGOP->getNumPic(); i++ )
  {
    totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
  }

  targetBits  = int( ((double)GOPbitsLeft) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );

  if ( targetBits < 100 )
  {
    targetBits = 100;   // at least allocate 100 bits for one picture
  }

  if ( m_encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() > 16 )
  {
    targetBits = int( g_RCWeightPicRargetBitInBuffer * targetBits + g_RCWeightPicTargetBitInGOP * m_encRCGOP->getTargetBitInGOP( currPicPosition ) );
  }

  return targetBits;
}

int EncRCPic::xEstPicHeaderBits( list<EncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, int frameLevel )
{
  int numPreviousPics   = 0;
  int totalPreviousBits = 0;

  list<EncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == frameLevel )
    {
      totalPreviousBits += (*it)->getPicActualHeaderBits();
      numPreviousPics++;
    }
  }

  int estHeaderBits = 0;
  if ( numPreviousPics > 0 )
  {
    estHeaderBits = totalPreviousBits / numPreviousPics;
  }

  return estHeaderBits;
}

#if V0078_ADAPTIVE_LOWER_BOUND
int EncRCPic::xEstPicLowerBound(EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, EncRCGOP* encRCGOP)
{
  int lowerBound = 0;
  int GOPbitsLeft = encRCGOP->getBitsLeft();

  const int nextPicPosition = (encRCGOP->getNumPic() - encRCGOP->getPicLeft() + 1) % encRCGOP->getNumPic();
  const int nextPicRatio = encRCSeq->getBitRatio(nextPicPosition);

  int totalPicRatio = 0;
  for (int i = nextPicPosition; i < encRCGOP->getNumPic(); i++)
  {
    totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio(i);
  }

  if (nextPicPosition == 0)
  {
    GOPbitsLeft = encRCGOP->getTargetBits();
  }
  else
  {
    GOPbitsLeft -= m_targetBits;
  }

  lowerBound = int(((double)GOPbitsLeft) * nextPicRatio / totalPicRatio);

  if (lowerBound < 100)
  {
    lowerBound = 100;   // at least allocate 100 bits for one picture
  }

  if (m_encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() > 16)
  {
    lowerBound = int(g_RCWeightPicRargetBitInBuffer * lowerBound + g_RCWeightPicTargetBitInGOP * m_encRCGOP->getTargetBitInGOP(nextPicPosition));
  }

  return lowerBound;
}
#endif

void EncRCPic::addToPictureLsit( list<EncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  if ( listPreviousPictures.size() > g_RCMaxPicListSize )
  {
    EncRCPic* p = listPreviousPictures.front();
    listPreviousPictures.pop_front();
    p->destroy();
    delete p;
  }

  listPreviousPictures.push_back( this );
}

void EncRCPic::create( EncRCSeq* encRCSeq, EncRCGOP* encRCGOP, int frameLevel, list<EncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  destroy();
  m_encRCSeq = encRCSeq;
  m_encRCGOP = encRCGOP;

  int targetBits    = xEstPicTargetBits( encRCSeq, encRCGOP );
  int estHeaderBits = xEstPicHeaderBits( listPreviousPictures, frameLevel );

  if ( targetBits < estHeaderBits + 100 )
  {
    targetBits = estHeaderBits + 100;   // at least allocate 100 bits for picture data
  }

  m_frameLevel       = frameLevel;
  m_numberOfPixel    = encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
  m_numberOfLCU      = encRCSeq->getNumberOfLCU();
  m_estPicLambda     = 100.0;
  m_targetBits       = targetBits;
  m_estHeaderBits    = estHeaderBits;
  m_bitsLeft         = m_targetBits;
  int picWidth       = encRCSeq->getPicWidth();
  int picHeight      = encRCSeq->getPicHeight();
  int LCUWidth       = encRCSeq->getLCUWidth();
  int LCUHeight      = encRCSeq->getLCUHeight();
  int picWidthInLCU  = ( picWidth  % LCUWidth  ) == 0 ? picWidth  / LCUWidth  : picWidth  / LCUWidth  + 1;
  int picHeightInLCU = ( picHeight % LCUHeight ) == 0 ? picHeight / LCUHeight : picHeight / LCUHeight + 1;
#if V0078_ADAPTIVE_LOWER_BOUND
  m_lowerBound       = xEstPicLowerBound( encRCSeq, encRCGOP );
#endif

  m_LCULeft         = m_numberOfLCU;
  m_bitsLeft       -= m_estHeaderBits;
  m_pixelsLeft      = m_numberOfPixel;

  m_LCUs           = new TRCLCU[m_numberOfLCU];
  int i, j;
  int LCUIdx;
  for ( i=0; i<picWidthInLCU; i++ )
  {
    for ( j=0; j<picHeightInLCU; j++ )
    {
      LCUIdx = j*picWidthInLCU + i;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualSSE  = 0.0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualMSE  = 0.0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_QP         = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda     = 0.0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_targetBits = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight  = 1.0;
      int currWidth  = ( (i == picWidthInLCU -1) ? picWidth  - LCUWidth *(picWidthInLCU -1) : LCUWidth  );
      int currHeight = ( (j == picHeightInLCU-1) ? picHeight - LCUHeight*(picHeightInLCU-1) : LCUHeight );
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel = currWidth * currHeight;
    }
  }
  m_picActualHeaderBits = 0;
  m_picActualBits       = 0;
  m_picQP               = 0;
  m_picLambda           = 0.0;
  m_validPixelsInPic    = 0;
  m_picMSE              = 0.0;
}

void EncRCPic::destroy()
{
  if( m_LCUs != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_LCUs;
    m_LCUs = NULL;
  }
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;
}


double EncRCPic::estimatePicLambda( list<EncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, bool isIRAP)
{
  double alpha         = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
  double beta          = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
  double bpp       = (double)m_targetBits/(double)m_numberOfPixel;

  int bitdepth_luma_scale =
    2 * (m_encRCSeq->getbitDepth() - 8
      - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(m_encRCSeq->getbitDepth()));

  int lastPicValPix = 0;
  if (listPreviousPictures.size() > 0)
  {
    lastPicValPix = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara(m_frameLevel).m_validPix;
  }
  if (lastPicValPix > 0)
  {
    bpp = (double)m_targetBits / (double)lastPicValPix;
  }

  double estLambda;
  if (isIRAP)
  {
    estLambda = calculateLambdaIntra(alpha, beta, pow(m_totalCostIntra/(double)m_numberOfPixel, BETA1), bpp);
  }
  else
  {
    estLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
  }

  double lastLevelLambda = -1.0;
  double lastPicLambda   = -1.0;
  double lastValidLambda = -1.0;
  list<EncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == m_frameLevel )
    {
      lastLevelLambda = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();
    }
    lastPicLambda     = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();

    if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
    {
      lastValidLambda = lastPicLambda;
    }
  }

  if ( lastLevelLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastLevelLambda = Clip3(m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda(), m_encRCGOP->getMaxEstLambda(), lastLevelLambda);
    estLambda = Clip3( lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, -3.0/3.0 ), lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, 3.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }

  if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastPicLambda = Clip3(m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda(), 2000.0 * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale), lastPicLambda);
    estLambda = Clip3( lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, -10.0/3.0 ), lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, 10.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }
  else if ( lastValidLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastValidLambda = Clip3(m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda(), 2000.0 * pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale), lastValidLambda);
    estLambda = Clip3( lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, -10.0/3.0), lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, 10.0/3.0), estLambda );
  }
  else
  {
    estLambda = Clip3(m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda(), m_encRCGOP->getMaxEstLambda(), estLambda);
  }

  if ( estLambda < m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda())
  {
    estLambda = m_encRCGOP->getMinEstLambda();
  }

  //Avoid different results in different platforms. The problem is caused by the different results of pow() in different platforms.
  estLambda = double(int64_t(estLambda * (double)LAMBDA_PREC + 0.5)) / (double)LAMBDA_PREC;
  m_estPicLambda = estLambda;

  double totalWeight = 0.0;
  // initial BU bit allocation weight
  for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    double alphaLCU, betaLCU;
    if ( m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
    {
      alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_alpha;
      betaLCU  = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_beta;
    }
    else
    {
      alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
      betaLCU  = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
    }

    m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight =  m_LCUs[i].m_numberOfPixel * pow( estLambda/alphaLCU, 1.0/betaLCU );

    if ( m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight < 0.01 )
    {
      m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = 0.01;
    }
    totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
  }
  for ( int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    double BUTargetBits = m_targetBits * m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight / totalWeight;
    m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = BUTargetBits;
  }

  return estLambda;
}

int EncRCPic::estimatePicQP( double lambda, list<EncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  int bitdepth_luma_scale =
    2
    * (m_encRCSeq->getbitDepth() - 8
      - DISTORTION_PRECISION_ADJUSTMENT(m_encRCSeq->getbitDepth()));

  int QP = int(4.2005 * log(lambda / pow(2.0, bitdepth_luma_scale)) + 13.7122 + 0.5);

  int lastLevelQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  int lastPicQP   = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  int lastValidQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  list<EncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == m_frameLevel )
    {
      lastLevelQP = (*it)->getPicActualQP();
    }
    lastPicQP = (*it)->getPicActualQP();
    if ( lastPicQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
    {
      lastValidQP = lastPicQP;
    }
  }

  if ( lastLevelQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastLevelQP - 3, lastLevelQP + 3, QP );
  }

  if( lastPicQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastPicQP - 10, lastPicQP + 10, QP );
  }
  else if( lastValidQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastValidQP - 10, lastValidQP + 10, QP );
  }

  return QP;
}

double EncRCPic::getLCUTargetBpp(bool isIRAP)
{
  int   LCUIdx    = getLCUCoded();
  double bpp      = -1.0;
  int avgBits     = 0;

  if (isIRAP)
  {
    int noOfLCUsLeft = m_numberOfLCU - LCUIdx + 1;
    int bitrateWindow = min(4,noOfLCUsLeft);
    double MAD      = getLCU(LCUIdx).m_costIntra;

    if (m_remainingCostIntra > 0.1 )
    {
      double weightedBitsLeft = (m_bitsLeft*bitrateWindow+(m_bitsLeft-getLCU(LCUIdx).m_targetBitsLeft)*noOfLCUsLeft)/(double)bitrateWindow;
      avgBits = int( MAD*weightedBitsLeft/m_remainingCostIntra );
    }
    else
    {
      avgBits = int( m_bitsLeft / m_LCULeft );
    }
    m_remainingCostIntra -= MAD;
  }
  else
  {
    double totalWeight = 0;
    for ( int i=LCUIdx; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
    {
      totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
    }
    int realInfluenceLCU = min( g_RCLCUSmoothWindowSize, getLCULeft() );
    avgBits = (int)( m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight - ( totalWeight - m_bitsLeft ) / realInfluenceLCU + 0.5 );
  }

  if ( avgBits < 1 )
  {
    avgBits = 1;